Yes, especially if you are a beginner, returning after a break, or carrying higher body fat, through a small deficit and high protein.
The quick answer
Body recomposition is real but it works best in three groups: beginners, people returning after time off, and those with higher body fat. Run a small calorie deficit of roughly 300 to 500 below maintenance, eat 1.6 to 2.2 g of protein per kg of bodyweight, and lift hard with progressive overload. Lean, experienced lifters recomp much more slowly and usually do better bulking and cutting in phases.
How to think about it
Protein and lifting drive it
Muscle is built from the stimulus of hard training plus enough protein, even in a deficit. Keep protein at 1.6 to 2.2 g per kg and train each muscle with 10 to 20 hard sets a week so your body has a reason to keep muscle and burn fat instead.
Keep the deficit small
A large deficit strips fat fast but also blunts muscle gain and recovery. Stay around 300 to 500 calories under maintenance so you lose roughly 0.5 kg a week while still having energy to add weight or reps in the gym.
Expect slow scale changes
The scale may barely move while you get leaner and fuller, because you are losing fat and gaining muscle at once. Track progress with the mirror, waist measurements, and your lifts rather than bodyweight alone.
Do this
Set protein firstHit 1.6 to 2.2 g per kg bodyweight daily before worrying about anything else in your diet.
Pick a modest deficitEstimate maintenance calories and subtract 300 to 500, then adjust based on weekly weigh-ins.
Progressively overloadAdd reps or weight over time so your training keeps signaling your body to hold and build muscle.
Judge by more than weightTake monthly photos and a waist measurement, since recomp hides on the scale.